Short answer: Five headline ingredients, each with a note on what it is included for and, where relevant, what to watch out for — ingredient-level descriptions, not claims about the finished product.
Why this framing distinction matters
Described in terms of what each ingredient group is included for — not as claims about outcomes, a deliberate, careful editorial choice worth appreciating.
Why this site names both strengths and genuine limitations per ingredient
Ginkgo's negative GEM Study finding sits alongside Bacopa's more direct human research — a genuinely balanced, ingredient-by-ingredient evidence picture.
💡 Worth knowing: research on an ingredient is not evidence about a finished product — a direct distinction worth applying to every ingredient here.